When nutrients were scarce, the neurons grew more rapidly than the surrounding skin cells, resulting in dendrite overgrowth. performed experiments in the larvae of fruit flies, focusing on a type of neuron whose dendrites extend into the skin. However, it remained unclear whether the growth of dendrites was also protected during episodes of malnutrition. During development, neurons also connect to each other by growing tree-like structures known as dendrites. In the larvae of malnourished fruit flies, a molecular signal allows the nervous system to continue making new neurons as other parts of the body slow down their growth. The brain is at the center of the nervous system, which is formed of networks of nerve cells (or neurons) that rapidly carry messages around the body. This means that certain organs keep on growing while others stop. However, if the animal’s diet does not contain the right amount of nutrients - a condition known as malnutrition – the body prioritizes the needs of the brain and other vital organs. The organs of a young animal develop in a carefully controlled way to reach the right size relative to each other. melanogaster FoxO Tor autophagy da neuron dendrite growth developmental biology neuroscience organ sparing. Preferential dendrite growth allows for heightened animal responses to sensory stimuli, indicative of a potential survival advantage under environmental challenges.ĭ. These neurons express lower levels of the stress sensor FoxO than neighboring epidermal cells, and hence exhibit no marked induction of autophagy and a milder suppression of Tor signaling under nutrient stress. Here we show that dynamically growing somatosensory neurons in the Drosophila peripheral nervous system exhibit organ sparing at the level of arbor growth: Under nutrient stress, sensory dendrites preferentially grow as compared to neighboring non-neural tissues, resulting in dendrite overgrowth. However, whether other aspects of neural development are also spared under nutrient restriction is unknown. In Drosophila, such brain sparing relies on a glia-derived growth factor to sustain proliferation of neural stem cells. During prolonged nutrient restriction, developing animals redistribute vital nutrients to favor brain growth at the expense of other organs.
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